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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimopravo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Право и управление. XXI век</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Law and Administration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-8420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-5736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/2073-8420-2026-1-78-118-129</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimopravo-837</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ МИРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE TOPICAL ISSUES OF WORLD ECONOMY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Модернизация Североамериканской зоны свободной торговли: направления и результаты функционирования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modernization of North American free trade area: history, directions and results</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7127-8825</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костюнина</surname><given-names>Г. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostyunina</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Костюнина Галина Михайловна, доктор экономических наук, профессор, старший научный сотрудник кафедры МЭО и ВЭС им. Н.Н. Ливенцева</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina M. Kostyunina, Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Senior Researcher, The Department of International Economic Relations and Foreign Economic Ties named after N. Liventsev</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">g.kostyuinina@my.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>118</fpage><lpage>130</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Костюнина Г.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Костюнина Г.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kostyunina G.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mgimopravo.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/837">https://mgimopravo.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/837</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В статье исследуются вопросы модернизации Североамериканской зоны свободной торговли. С середины 1990-х гг. НАФТА стала самой крупной зоной свободной торговли в мире, которая охватила широкие сферы экономического взаимодействия между участвующими странами, в том числе ранее не подпадавшие под рамки зоны свободной торговли. Несмотря на получаемые экономические преимущества, страны под нажимом американской администрации заключили новое торговое соглашение ЮСМКА. Автором проведен сравнительный анализ основных статей соглашений НАФТА и ЮСМКА, а также подведены результаты 25-летнего функционирования НАФТА и 5-летнего функционирования ЮСМКА.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. При написании статьи использованы аналитические методы обработки статистической информации, представленной в базе данных Всемирной торговой организации (ВТО), Всемирного банка, ЮНКТАД и Международного торгового центра. При проведении системного анализа также применены методы обобщения, синтеза, сравнения.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. Проведено исследование по выявлению влияния членства в интеграционном объединении на динамику общерегионального и национальных ВВП, среднедушевых доходов стран-партнеров. С использованием графического материала проанализирована динамика совокупного и взаимного экспорта, определено влияние углубления интеграционного взаимодействия на приток ПИИ в североамериканскую экономику. Проведенный анализ позволил сделать выводы о преимуществах и сохраняющихся проблемах в североамериканском интеграционном процессе.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение и заключение</title><p>Обсуждение и заключение. Основные выводы, полученные автором в рамках проведенного исследования,: (1) Если в основу соглашения НАФТА были положены стратегические факторы, то в основу соглашения ЮСМКА – экономические факторы, главный из которых – устранение дефицита американского баланса торговли с Канадой и Мексикой; (2) Оценка результатов функционирования НАФТА и ЮСМКА показала, что углубление интеграционной взаимозависимости позитивно сказалось на динамике внешней торговли, повышении инвестиционной привлекательности и увеличении объемов привлекаемых ПИИ во всех странах-партнерах, а также на умеренном росте национальных ВВП и среднедушевых доходов, росте занятости в отдельных отраслях экономик; (3) В ЮСМКА сохраняется немало вызовов, включая ограничения во взаимной торговле некоторыми товарами, нелегальную миграцию мексиканцев в США. Так, наиболее негативное влияние оказывают ограничения в торговле автомобилями, что сказывается на снижении конкурентоспособности автомобильной продукции, сокращении объемов производства и экспорта, а также на росте уровня безработицы в американском и мексиканском автомобилестроении. В конечном итоге это совместно с другими вызовами замедляет динамику экономического роста стран.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The article examines the modernization of the North American free trade area. Since the mid-1990s, NAFTA has become the largest free trade area in the world, covering wide areas of economic cooperation between the participating countries, including those that had not previously been covered by a free trade area. Despite the economic advantages obtained under NAFTA the countries under pressure from the American administration concluded a new USMCA agreement. The author has conducted a comparative analysis of the main articles of the NAFTA and USMCA agreements, and summarized the results of the 25-year operation of NAFTA and the 5-year operation of USMCA.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The author uses analytical methods of processing statistical information as well as methods of generalization, synthesis, and comparative analysis. Literature on the topic of the study from the database of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the World Bank, UNCTAD and the International Trade Center are also used.</p></sec><sec><title>Research results</title><p>Research results. A study has been conducted to determine the impact of the participation of the United States, Canada and Mexico on the dynamics of regional and national GDPs, per capita incomes. The dynamics of total and mutual exports, as well as the share of mutual exports in the total exports of North American countries, are analyzed using graphic material. The impact of deepening integration interaction on the inflow of FDI into the North American economy has also been determined. The analysis made it possible to draw conclusions about the advantages and remaining challenges in the integration process.</p><p>Discussion and conclusion. The main conclusions obtained by the author in the framework of the conducted research are: (1) If the NAFTA was based on strategic factors, then the USMCA has been based on economic factors, the main of which is the elimination of the deficit in the American trade balance with Canada and Mexico; (2) An assessment of the results of NAFTA's 25-year operation and USMCA's 5-year operation showed that the deepening of integration interdependence had a positive impact on the dynamics of foreign trade, increased investment attractiveness and increased volumes of attracted FDI in all partner countries, as well as moderate growth in national GDPs and per capita incomes, and employment growth in certain sectors of the economy. (3) There are still many challenges in the USMCA, including restrictions on mutual trade in certain goods and illegal migration of Mexicans to the United States. Thus, restrictions on the car trade have the most negative impact, which negatively affects the decline in the competitiveness of automotive products, a reduction in production and exports, as well as an increase in the unemployment rate in the American and Mexican automotive industries. Ultimately, this, together with other challenges, slows down the dynamics of economic growth.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Канада</kwd><kwd>Мексика</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>Североамериканская зона свободной торговли (НАФТА)</kwd><kwd>Торговое соглашение США</kwd><kwd>Мексики и Канады (ЮСМКА)</kwd><kwd>Канадо-американская зона свободной торговли (КУСФТА)</kwd><kwd>зона свободной торговли</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>North American Free Trade Agreement</kwd><kwd>NAFTA</kwd><kwd>Trade Agreement USA-MexicoCanada</kwd><kwd>USMCA</kwd><kwd>USA</kwd><kwd>Canada</kwd><kwd>Mexico</kwd><kwd>Canada-American Free Trade Agreement</kwd><kwd>CUSFTA</kwd><kwd>free trade area</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Комкова Е.С. ЮСМКА вместо НАФТА // Мировая экономика и международные отношения. 2019. Т. 63. № 4. С. 50-58. 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