Propaganda Techniques and the Engineering of Consent in the West's Civilizational War Against Russia During the Crimean War

Introduction. The article analyzes the genesis of British Russophobia and anti-Russian propaganda in the period from the Vienna Congress of 1815 to the Crimean War (1853–1855) and the Paris Congress of 1856. The subject of the study is pre-war, pre-war and military propaganda in Great Britain and the tools used. The aim of the study is the genesis of global anti-Russian propaganda and Russophobia. The role of K. Marx and F. Engels in the propaganda campaign initiated by lobbyists for the war with the Russian Empire is separately studied in order to show the identity of the anti-Russian and Russophobic theses of the communists (i.e. the counter-elites of Western civilization) and the most aggressive towards Russia representatives of the military and political elites of the British Empire, which became the center of Western civilization in the 19th century.
Materials and methods. The study is based on the materials of Russian, British and American authors. The methodology of the study is based on the civilizational approach in the context of the system analysis of international relations. Within the framework of this methodology, the historical-genetic method (retrospective analysis), descriptive, analytical, and comparative methods were also used to analyze the factual material.
Research results. The results obtained revealed a stable stereotype regarding Russia that was formed during that period, which eventually became part of the British heroic mythology and even later a presetting for Western society. The phenomenon of the super-active anti-Russian propaganda activities of Marx and Engels, their publication of similar articles in European and American media, was highlighted, which for the first time allows us to talk about the work of the internationalist communists Marx and Engels on the anti-Russian propaganda campaign, which is part of the large information war of Western civilization against Russian civilization.
Discussion and conclusion. A thesis is put forward about a symbiotic pair of Western civilization and the international financial and information consortium, the prototype of modern globalist structures. For the first time, a thesis has been put forward about the transformation of propaganda into a social practice in Great Britain during that period. Conclusions have been made about the need to take into particular account the British stereotypical vision of Crimea, Russia and Russian civilization when analyzing and forecasting

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