Implementation of the Principle of Mutual Trust in the Migration Cases by the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights

Introduction. The article examines the positive and negative aspects of the application of the «principle of mutual trust» within the framework of European Union law. The positive features of the application of the «principle of mutual trust» include simplification of procedural aspects of the application of the law, strengthening of interaction between member states of the European Union, as well as harmonization of legislation. At the same time, the application of this principle by EU member states with low standards of human rights protection leads to their violation. The author's research shows that the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, criticizing the negative aspects of the «principle of mutual trust»,v led to its evolution and strengthened the level of protection of the rights and freedoms of European union’s citizens as well as it strengthened the interaction between the EU Court and the ECHR.

Materials and methods. The methodological ground of the study based on the following general scientific and special methods of the recognition of legal phenomena and processes in the field of European law: the method of system-structural analysis, the method of synthesis of social phenomena, the comparative legal method, the formal logical method. For certain questions, statistical data was involved in the study. To identify further vectors for the development of interaction between judicial bodies used the content analysis.

Results of the study. Based on the results of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that the evolution in the interaction of the two judicial institutions in the field of protection of the rights and freedoms of migrants and the rethinking of the principle of mutual trust are caused by the relaunching of the dialogue on the accession of the European Union to the European Convention of fundamental rights 1950 and by the deep awareness of the high significance of such accession for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe.

Discussion and conclusions. The principle of mutual trust is still a key point in building a trustful relationship between the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights. Currently, these judicial bodies have reached the highest level of convergence, which can be seen in the analysis of law enforcement practice.

1. Abashidze A.H. Alisievich E.C., 2017. Evropejskaja sistema zashhity prav cheloveka [The European human rights system].

2. Abashidze A.H., 2023. Zashhita prav cheloveka v ESPCh: prakticheskoe posobie. [The human rights protection in ECHR: practical textbook].

3. Abdullin A.I., Bezborodov U.S., 2023. Evropejskoe pravo [The European law].

4. Birjukov M.M., Aliev D.M., 2018. Dublinskoe regulirovanie: istorija stanovlenija i soderzhanie. [Dublin regulation: history of formation and content] – Moskovskij zhurnal mezhdunarodnogo prava [Moscow Journal of International Law]. № 2.

5. Birjukov M.M., 2013. Evropejskoe pravo do i posle Lissabonskogo dogovora [European law before and after the Treaty of Lisboan].

6. Vojnikov V.V., 2019. Pravovye osnovy prostranstva svobody bezopasnosti i pravosudija Evropejskogo sojuza. Dissertacija na soiskanie uchennoj stepeni doktora juridicheskih nauk [Legal basis of the space of freedom of security and justice of the European Union. Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Law]. MGIMO.

7. Vojnikov V.V., 2021. Princip vzaimnogo doverija v prave i politike ES. [The principal of mutual trust in the European law and politics]. Sovremennaja Europa [Modern Europe]. № 6.

8. Vojnikov V.V., 2020. Pravo Evropejskogo sojuza v praktike Evropejskogo suda po pravam cheloveka [European Union law in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights]. Mezhdunarodnoe pravosudie [International justice]. № 1(33).

9. Ispolinov A.S., 2012. Praktika ESPCh v otnoshenii Evropejskogo Sojuza: nekotorye uroki dlja EvrAzJes [The practice of the ECHR in relation to the European Union: some lessons for the EAEU]. Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedenija [Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law]. № 3 (34).

10. Ispolinov A.S., 2015. Sud Evropejskogo sojuza protiv prisoedinenija ES k Evropejskoj konvencii po pravam cheloveka (prichiny i sledstvija) [European Court of Justice against of accession of EU to ECHR (principals and consequences]. Mezhdunarodnoe pravosudie [International justice]. № 1(13).

11. Ispolinov A.S., 2018. V poiskah novoj paradigmy: sud ES i ESPCh spustja tri goda posle zakljuchenija№ 2/13 [In search of a new paradigm: the EU Court and the ECHR three years after the opinion 2/13]. Mezhdunarodnoe pravosudie [International justice]. №2 (26).

12. Kozheurov Ja.S., 2015. Perspektivy vzaimootnoshenij Evropejskogo Suda po pravam cheloveka i Evrazijskogo jekonomicheskogo sojuza [Prospects for the relationship between the European Court of Human Rights and the Eurasian Economic Union]. Akutual'nye problemy rossijskogo prava [Current problems of Russian law]. № 11 (60).

13. Torkunova E.A., Zharinov K.G., 2020. Implementacija garantij evropejskoj konvencii po pravam cheloveka v sfere vysylki inostrannyh grazhdan v prave ES. [Implementation of the guarantees of the European Convention on Human Rights in the field of expulsion of foreign citizens in EU law]. Moskovskij zhurnal mezhdunarodnogo prava [Moscow Journal of International Law]. № 4.

14. Chetverikov A.O., 2010. Pravovoe regulirovanie liberalizacii transgranichnyh otnoshenij: opyt Evropejskogo sojuza [The regulation of liberalization of cross-border relations: experience of the European Union] 12.00.10. Moscow.

15. Entin K.V., 2020. Pravo Evropejskogo Sojuza skvoz' prizmu praktiki Suda Evropejskogo Sojuza [Law of the European Union through the prism of the practice of the Court of Justice of the European Union].

16. Entin M.L., Vojnikov V.V., Torkunova E.A., 2018. Novyj jetap v institucional'no-pravovom obustrojstve prostranstva svobody, bezopasnosti i pravosudija ES. [A new stage in the institutional and legal arrangement of the EU space of freedom, security and justice]. Moskovskij zhurnal mezhdunarodnogo prava [Moscow Journal of International Law]. № 2.

17. Anagnostaras G., 2020. The Common European Asylum System: Balancing Mutual Trust against Fundamental Rights Protection. German Law Journal. 21.

18. Deftou, M.-L., 2022. The Road to the EU’s Accession to the ECHR: Reshaping the ECtHR-CJEU Judicial Interaction in Cases of Unwanted Migration? International Community Law Review. 24(4).

19. Frese, A. and Olsen, H.P., 2019. Spelling It Out-Convergence and Divergence in the Judicial Dialogue between CJEU and ECtHR. Nordic Journal of International Law. 88(3).

20. Gerards J.H., Glas L.R., 2017. Access to justice in the European Convention on Human Rights system. Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights. Vol. 35(1).

21. Harris D. Harris, O’Boyle and Wardbrick, 2018. Law of the European Convention on Human Rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

22. Oręziak, B., 2019. Judicial Dialogue between the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union in the Field of Legal Liability for Posting Hyperlinks. International Community Law Review. 21(5).

23. Podolska, A., 2019. Between Informal Dialogue and Official Criticism: The Bundesverfassungsgericht, the Court of Justice of the European Union, and the European Court of Human Rights concerning the Protection of Human Rights and Mutual Recognition of Judgments. International Community Law Review. 21(5).

24. Slaughter A., 2005. A New World Order. Princeton University Press, Princeton.

25. Ziegler K.S., Neuvonen P.J., Moreno-Lax V., 2022. Research Handbook on General Principles in EU Law: Constructing Legal Orders in Europe.