Comparison of the Transformation of some Provisions of the Information Legislation of Russia and the EU in the Context of the Cyber Security Conception

Introduction. The article discusses the legislative framework in the field of information and cyber security in Russia and the European Union, as well as relevant changes to them. The changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation after the adoption on December 30, 2021 No. 441-FZ “On Amendments to Article 15.3 of the Federal Law “On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection” and Articles 3 and 5 of the Federal Law “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation”, as well as Council of Europe Convention 108 for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data (T-PD) of 1981, Protocol amending the Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to the Processing of Personal Data, adopted by the Committee of Ministers on its 128th session in Elsinore on 18 May 2018. (Convention 108+), 2021 Guidelines for the Protection of Individuals with regard to the Processing of Personal Data by and for Political Campaigns.

Materials and methods. The research materials were compiled by the Federal Law of December 30, 2021 No. 441-FZ “On Amending Article 15.3 of the Federal Law “On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection” and Articles 3 and 5 of the Federal Law “On Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation ”, Federal Law of July 27, 2006 No. 152 “On Personal Data”, Federal Law “On measures of influence on persons involved in violations of fundamental human rights and freedoms, rights and freedoms of citizens of the Russian Federation” of December 28, 2012 No. 272, Federal Law “On Fundamental Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right to Participate in a Referendum of Citizens of the Russian Federation” No. 67-FZ of June 12, 2002, 108 of the Council of Europe Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data (T-PD), Convention 108+ and the Guidelines on the Protection of Individuals with regard to the Processing of Personal Data by and for Political Campaigns 2021. The methodological basis of the study was the following general scientific and special methods of cognition of legal phenomena and processes in the field of personal data protection: the method of system-structural analysis; method of synthesis of social and legal phenomena; comparative legal method; formal-logical method.

Results of the study. The Russian Federation implements many of the provisions of the Guidelines for the Protection of Individuals with regard to the processing of personal data. However, there are those proposals that are not reflected in Russian laws. In addition, the Guidelines for the Protection of Individuals with regard to the processing of personal data actually allow organizations to transfer data to social networks for advertising, which in Russia can be regarded as a violation of the law.

Discussion and conclusion. At the moment, uncertainty remains in connection with the cooperation between Russia and European countries and Russia's withdrawal from the Council of Europe, the ECtHR and the HRC. In the near future, Russia will determine the list of European conventions that no longer meet its national interests, and denounce them. If Convention 108 is not included in this list, then Russia will be able to remain a party to the Convention and, consequently, to related documents. But still, even if the Convention under consideration and related documents are denounced, some of its positive practices can be adapted by Russian legislators and reflected in the Russian Federal Law in a slightly modified form.

1. Bojko, S.M., 2021. Novye strategicheskie orientiry Rossii v oblasti mezhdunarodnoj informacionnoj bezopasnosti [New strategic guidelines of Russia in the field of international information security]. Mezhdunarodnaja zhizn' [The International Affairs]. № 6.

2. Zhidko, E.A., Попова Л.Г., 2011. Informacionnaya bezopasnost' moderniziruemoj Rossii: postanovka zadachi [Information security of modernizing Russia: problem statement]. Informaciya i bezopasnost' [Information and security]. № 2.

3. Koshkin, A.P., 2020. Politika informacionnoj bezopasnosti Rossii v usloviyah cifrovizacii obshchestva [Information security policy of Russia in the conditions of digitalization of society]. Cifrovaya ekonomika: tendencii i perspektivy razvitiya: Sbornik tezisov dokladov nacional'noj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii: v dvuh tomah. Tom 1. [Digital economy: trends and prospects of development: Collection of abstracts of reports of the National Scientific and Practical Conference: in two volumes. Volume 1].

4. Pavlishin, B.I., Shevkunenko M.YU., Inyukin A.F., 2021. Informacionnaya bezopasnost' kak faktor obespecheniya nacional'noj bezopasnosti Rossii [Information security as a factor of ensuring the national security of Russia]. Aktual'nye aspekty upravleniya regional'nymi ekosistemami v usloviyah cifrovizacii ekonomiki i obshchestva: sovremennye podhody i tekhnologii: materialy mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii [Current aspects of regional ecosystem management in the context of digitalization of the economy and society: modern approaches and technologies: materials of the international scientific and practical conference].

5. Savin, S.O., 2022. O podhodah Rossii k mezhdunarodnoj informacionnoj bezopasnosti [About Russia's approaches to international information security]. Mezhdunarodnaja zhizn' [The International Affairs]. № 4.

6. Seregin, M.I., 2017. Informacionnaya bezopasnost' kak odna iz osnovnyh sostavlyayushchih nacional'noj bezopasnosti sovremennoj Rossii [Information security as one of the main components of the national security of modern Russia]. Voprosy politologii [Questions of Political Science]. № 2(26).

7. Sokolova, E.A., Ermoshina A.Yu., 2020. Rol' Banka Rossii v obespechenii informacionnoj bezopasnosti finansovoj sistemy gosudarstva [The role of the Bank of Russia in ensuring the information security of the financial system of the state. Tendencii razvitiya nauki i obrazovaniya [Trends in the development of science and education]. № 60-5.

8. Faleev, M.I., Chernyh G.S., 2014. Ugrozy nacional'noj bezopasnosti gosudarstva v informacionnoj sfere i zadachi MCHS Rossii v etoj oblasti deyatel'nosti [Threats to the national security of the state in the information sphere and the tasks of the EMERCOM of Russia in this field of activity]. Strategiya grazhdanskoj zashchity: problemy i issledovaniya [Strategy of civil protection: problems and research]. № 1(6).

9. Haliullin, A.I., 2017. Protivodejstvie kiberprestupnosti v Rossii kak element mezhdunarodnoj informacionnoj bezopasnosti [Countering cybercrime in Russia as an element of international information security]. Problemy ukrepleniya zakonnosti i pravoporyadka: nauka, praktika, tendencii. [Problems of strengthening law and order: science, practice, trends]. № 10.

10. Chernuhin, Je.V., 2021. O rossijskih iniciativah v oblasti protivodejstvija ispol'zovaniju informacionno-kommunikacionnyh tehnologij v prestupnyh celjah [About Russian initiatives in the field of countering the use of information and communication technologies for criminal purposes]. Mezhdunarodnaja zhizn' [The International Affairs]. № 2.

11. Jasnosokirskij, Ju.A., 2022. Mezhdunarodnoe informacionnoe pravo kak reguljator mezhdunarodnyh otnoshenij v sfere informacionno-kommunikacionnyh tehnologij [International information law as a regulator of international relations in the field of information and communication technologies]. Mezhdunarodnaja zhizn' [The International Affairs]. № 3.