Introduction. The article is devoted to the evaluation of topical ideas of Inner Asia civilization in the multi-polar world. Without doubt, in contemporary global world it is essential for each country to creatively explore ideas and scientific civilizational theories to define its place in modern global community. Today the Mongols actively explore these theories and doctrines which have linkage to Western origin, but the research deserves a creative approach and does not fit properly the national reality and specifics.

Material and methods. To define the specific features of Mongolian civilization the authors study philosophical doctrines of existence in harmony, doctrine of duality, time, Buddism – all the ideas that influenced the Mongolian views on “nation” and “democracy”, historical lessons and geopolitics.

Results. At present Mongolia has a tough choice in pursuing foreign policy. Three main world development centers- the USA, China and Russia- have emerged and the threat of a potential conflict between them have increased. It is apparent that this process in the future will strongly influence the present and further development of each region and country in the world. Thus the fundamental issues concerning the methodological approach in development philosophy as well as in civilizational philosophy appeared alongside the changes in world situation. The issue of national identity should not be excluded from the political agenda as well as historical and development issues from policy analysis.

Discussion and Conclusions. Mongolia in respect to its geographical location belongs to the Asia-Pacific region. In the civilizational aspect Mongols are nomadic nation. These two factors are fundamental conditions for the shaping of national identity. In context of civilizational affinity and national identity Mongols are more close to the Central Asian space. In this area such regional organizations as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and APEC operate. However, Mongolia is not a member of these organizations and cannot efficiently participate in big regional and world projects and programs having the status of observer. Hence the membership in these regional organizations and the significant economic growth are strategically important for Mongolia.

Introduction. One of the greatest achievements of the humanity is obviously the recognition of the systematic unity of the natural and social knowledge. However, this recognition was not constant. The emergence, development and history of political sciences reflected it rather evidently, tending to go from one extreme to another – from identifying its methods with those of positive science to pretending to be unique or even universal. All these questions acquired special importance in the new non-classical world, but the adaptation of political sciences to a new type of thinking meets considerable difficulties.

Methods of study. The main method of the study is comparative analysis of the variations to connect philosophical and substantive (ontological and epistemological) tools with political and applied ones of researching political and international political processes and phenomena. Moreover, the authors also used the interpretation approach.

Results. The analysis of the most significant approaches towards the political and international processes demonstrate that the acceptance of the new postulates of non-classical and post-nonclassical pictures of the world is quite complicated. Simultaneously with the preservation of the pure mechanistic, approach some of the elements of the new world pictures were taken from quantum physics, biology. The chance factor and the rejection of the casual relationships were also taken into consideration. Nevertheless, it is better to speak not about the transfer of the methods and approaches from natural to political sciences, but about the attempts to build “weak” theories or analogues of theories (for instance, quantum-like theories). Nevertheless, generally speaking, political as well as other social sciences tend to be developing capturing the zeitgeist.

Discussion and Conclusions. The adaptation of political sciences to new scientific pictures of the world is inevitable, but limited by definition: for all unity of knowledge as such, their methods and tools are very different and even undergo such significant changes and simplifications in the process of adaptation that they often retain only the names and imitations of the methodologies of other sciences. And yet, at least we have to go in parallel. But some caution here would not hurt at all.

Introduction. Energy cooperation of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union plays a crucial role in the framework of the Eurasian economic integration. The EAEU members set as their goal the creation of common energy markets of the Union by 2025.
The legal doctrine comprises different opinions regarding the legal nature of the EAEU and the EAEU law, which is important for the analysis of international legal aspects of the cooperation of the EAEU members in the energy sector, as well as for the formation of the EAEU energy law.
The article analyzes the energy provisions of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union, the role of national legislation and bilateral international treaties of the EAEU members in the energy sector.

Materials and methods. The EAEU legal acts, previous acts of the EurAsEC, the existing bilateral international treaties of the EAEU members in the energy sector, the works of prominent authors affecting Eurasian integration have been used. The research methodology was based on the following theoretical methods of cognition: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy, as well as special methods of cognition of legal phenomena and processes: comparative legal and formal legal.

Results. The study summarizes the legal acts of the EAEU in the field of energy of various legal nature, highlights the gaps and weaknesses of the energy provisions of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union, identifies differences in the approaches of the EAEU and EurAsEC, analyzes the provisions of the Treaty regarding national legislation and bilateral international treaties of the EAEU members in the field of energy.

Discussion and conclusions. The acts of the EAEU law in the field of energy are considered as the EAEU energy law which, as well as the European Union energy law, is a part of the international energy law.
The identified gaps and weaknesses in the energy provisions of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union can be used to improve the EAEU energy law.
Despite the development of multilateral regulation of energy cooperation through the EAEU legal acts aimed at the formation of common EAEU energy markets the national legislation of the EAEU members remains important in the field of energy and a lot of work will be required to harmonize and unify it. In addition the bilateral international treaties of the EAEU members governing energy cooperation are of great importance.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the organizational and legal issues of formation of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Australia. The author analyses the foundations of the constitutional regulation of the formation of the Senate. Now there are no works exploring in detail the manner the Senate of the Australian Commonwealth is formed.

Materials and Methods. To create the article, the author used the works of Australian scholars in the field of constitutional law, as well as a number of legal acts regulating the issues addressed in the article. The methodology of the study was based on general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition (the dialectical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, comparative legal and historical legal methods).

Research Results. The author has considered specific characteristics of the Senate and in particular the constitutional norm establishing the system where senators are elected directly by the people of each entity of the Australian Commonwealth. The author also analyses the formation of the electoral system applied to formation of the Senate of the Australian Commonwealth.

Discussion and conclusions. In this article, the author draws attention to the stability and invariability of the foundations of Senate legal regulation, established by the Constitution of the Australian Union, approved by the British Parliament and signed by the British monarch. The author pays attention to the peculiarities of the formation of the Australian legislature.

Introduction. The multilayered and contradictory development of the world, countries and regions against the backdrop of the consequences of globalization and international confrontation complicates the formulation and solution of internal management tasks, the choice of the optimal strategy and tactics for responding to rapidly changing situations, or, conversely, attempts to revive archaic institutions that reject the values of intercivilization dialogue. The purpose of this article is to identify and evaluate the place of the ethno-political challenges among the tools of the state national policy of the Russian Federation evidenced with relevant strategic planning documents.

Materials and methods. The research was based on the study of official documents of the Russian Federation in the framework of the goal-setting and contextual analysis of political discourse, taking into account the concept of articulation. Methods of systematic and comparative analysis, political diagnostics were also used.

The results of the research. The analysis made it possible to detect a significant, but not absolute correlation in the interpretation of ethno-political challenges for Russia in the considered strategic planning documents of the Russian Federation. It is shown that the meaning-forming plots of the official discourse in the ethno-political perspective have a largely conservative essence, referring to traditional values, preserving the identity of Russia as a civilization. Simultaneously it emphasizes the rejection of insularity, isolation, calls for activity in the international stage in various formats, for internal transformations. A certain coincidence of priority tasks in the context of actualized challenges in the field of interethnic relations, regional and spatial development of the country is revealed.

Discussion and conclusions. The necessity of clarifying some of the provisions of the current strategic planning documents of the Russian Federation and of eliminating bottlenecks in them that do not agree with the modern discursive practices and the needs of managing the ethno-political sphere is substantiated. The authors proposed measures for improving the legislative support of ethnological examination, its practical implementation, expanding sociological and ethno-political monitoring with the integration of structures at the federal and regional levels and increasing attention to the local (municipal) level, early diagnosis and prevention of conflict situations, support for domestic culture and art, moral shaping of the elite and the training of personnel reserve in the spirit of awareness of belonging to the all-Russian civil nation.

Introduction. The paper compares two approaches to the formation of the internet-sphere. The technocratic approach strengthens itself in the cybernetic-system methodology, it is based on the technocratic governance of society and implies the total governance of the internet-sphere in the interests of the government, the suppression of the individual personality by “programming” its consciousness. This approach is evidenced by “the system of social credit” in China.
The deliberative-democratic approach emerges from phenomenology and substantiates an egalitarian model of democracy which implies a universal discussion and importance of the meanings sent by each person in the internet-sphere. The case of online-deliberative forums is analyzed. These forums serve to reveal the opinions of the citizens themselves and to define the genuine public opinion. The advantages of the second approach are identified.

Materials and methods. This article uses logical methods of analysis: analysis, synthesis, comparative analysis.

The results of the study. This study shows how the cybernetic-systemic methodology holistically analyzing society and assuming its programming “from top to bottom” leads to technocratic governance of society and the Internet. It also shows how the phenomenological approach aimed at perceiving the personal meanings of each citizen becomes the basis of deliberative democracy and online deliberative discussions.

Discussion and conclusions. The paper arrives at the following conclusions. Serious risks produced by the use of the cybernetic-systemic principles in governing the Internet sphere are shown: programming the personality consciousness, emasculating the senses experienced by it, and regulating the entire social life. In contrast with the cybernetic approach, the advantages of the phenomenological approach are analytically shown, because it perceives the personal meanings of each individual and leads to their revealing in the Internet sphere, which creates the foundation for maintaining a democratic regime.